To make the koftas: In a large bowl, combine the mashed peas, mashed potatoes, cooked carrots, crumbled bread, and all of the flavorings (coriander, turmeric, cumin, cayenne, sugar, salt).
Mix well until a firm dough forms.
Shape the koftas: Place some flour on a plate. One by one, form the mixture into 1½-inch balls, then roll each ball in the flour to create a light, even coating.
Fry the koftas: Pour enough oil into a large skillet to reach ½ inch up the sides.
Heat the oil over medium heat.
Fry the balls in batches, turning them often, until they are golden brown and crisp on all sides.
Drain on paper towels and set aside.
To make the sauce: In a clean skillet, heat the ghee or butter.
When hot, add the onion, ginger, cinnamon stick, bay leaf, and all of the ground spices.
Sauté for 2 minutes until fragrant.
Build the sauce: Add the chopped tomato and stir to blend.
Pour in the coconut milk and salt, stir well, and bring the mixture to a boil.
Simmer for 3 minutes to allow the flavors to meld.
Combine and finish: Gently place the fried koftas into the sauce.
Cover and simmer on the stovetop for 20 minutes, or until the sauce has thickened slightly and the koftas have absorbed the flavors. Alternatively, place koftas in a baking dish, pour the sauce over, cover, and bake at 350°F (175°C) for 20 minutes.
Don't over-simmer the koftas in the sauce. They only need about 20 minutes to absorb the flavors.
Cooking them for too long can cause them to become mushy.