Heat the olive oil in a large saucepan or Dutch oven over medium heat.
Add the minced garlic and cook, stirring constantly, until fragrant, about 30 seconds.
Pour in the vegetable broth and bring the mixture to a rolling boil.
Stir in the quick-cooking barley, then season generously with salt and pepper to your taste. Decrease the heat to maintain a gentle simmer.
Add the sliced chard and the rinsed cannellini beans to the pot.
Continue to simmer until the barley is tender and cooked through, about 15 minutes.
Serve hot.
Top each bowl with a sprinkle of vegan Parmesan cheese or a dollop of pesto for a delicious finish.