Heat 4 tbsp (2 oz / 57 g) of the ghee or oil in a 5-quart nonstick saucepan or wok over moderate heat.
Once hot but not smoking, carefully add the 6 oz (170 g) paneer cubes.
Fry them, turning constantly, until they are evenly browned on all sides, then remove with a slotted spoon and set aside.
Add the remaining 2 tbsp (1 oz / 28 g) of ghee or butter to the pan. Immediately stir in the 1 tbsp (0. 5 oz / 15 g) minced ginger, 1 chopped green chili, 1. 25 tsp (0. 1 oz / 3 g) cumin seeds, and 0. 5 tsp (0. 1 oz / 2 g) black mustard seeds.
Fry until the mustard seeds pop and turn gray, then drop in the 0. 25 tsp (0. 1 oz / 1 g) asafetida and 10 curry leaves. Within seconds, add the 12 oz (340 g) bell pepper strips and sauté for 3 to 4 minutes.
Stir in the 12 oz (340 g) chopped tomatoes, 1 tbsp (0. 2 oz / 5 g) ground coriander, 1 tsp (0. 1 oz / 3 g) turmeric, and 2 tbsp (0. 1 oz / 2. 5 g) of the fresh chopped herbs.
Cook the mixture for about 10 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the bell peppers are tender-crisp.
Add the 1 tsp (0. 1 oz / 3 g) garam masala, the fried paneer cheese cubes, the steamed 16 oz (455 g) eggplant cubes, and 1 tsp (0. 2 oz / 6 g) salt. Gently fold everything together to combine.
Reduce the heat to low, cover the pan, and cook for 5 to 10 minutes, stirring occasionally.
Before serving, fold in the remaining 2 tbsp (0. 1 oz / 2. 5 g) of chopped herbs and garnish with the fresh herb sprigs.
Do Not Overcook the Paneer: Fry the paneer cubes until they are just golden brown. Leaving them in the pan too long will cause the cheese to become tough and rubbery instead of beautifully chewy on the outside and soft on the inside.