Using a long, serrated knife, carefully slice the sponge cake horizontally into two even layers.
Place the bottom layer on your serving platter and sprinkle half of the rum evenly over its surface.
Sprinkle the remaining rum over the cut side of the top layer.
Spread the plum jam evenly over the bottom layer, all the way to the edges.
In a small bowl, toss together the raisins, chopped walnuts, and candied orange peel.
Sprinkle about half of this fruit and nut mixture over the jam.
Gently spoon about two-thirds of the chilled chocolate buttercream over the fruit and nut layer.
Spread it smoothly and lightly out to the edges. Carefully place the top cake layer, rum-side down, onto the buttercream.
Spread the remaining buttercream over the top of the cake, creating a smooth, even surface.
Do not frost the sides; the beautiful layers should remain visible.
To decorate, use a fine-mesh sieve to dust the cocoa powder over a 3 by 6 inch / 8 by 15 cm rectangle in the center of the cake. For clean lines, you can lay down paper strips to create a stencil, then carefully remove them.
Take the remaining fruit and nut mixture and carefully press it into the buttercream on top of the cake, surrounding the cocoa rectangle and covering the surface out to the edges.
Chill the cake for at least 1 hour before serving. To slice, use a very sharp, serrated knife, wiping the blade clean between cuts for a perfect presentation.
While plum jam is traditional, feel free to experiment! Apricot preserves or a tart cherry jam would also be delicious complements to the rich chocolate and nuts.