In a large cast-iron skillet, wok, or nonstick pan over medium heat, combine the peanuts, butter (or oil), mustard seeds, cloves, and dried chiles.
Cook, stirring frequently, for 1 to 2 minutes until the spices become fragrant.
Add the cumin seeds and continue to cook, stirring, until the peanuts turn a light golden color, about 2 more minutes.
Stir in the chopped onion and a large pinch of salt.
Cook until the onion begins to soften.
Add the chopped tomatoes, tomato paste, and curry powder.
Cook, stirring often, for about 5 minutes, or until the sauce has thickened slightly.
Taste and adjust seasoning with more salt if needed. Allow the chutney to cool to room temperature before serving. You can remove the whole cloves before serving if you prefer.
Add a Smoky Flavor: For a deeper, smoky taste, grill thick slices of fresh tomato until lightly charred on both sides before chopping and adding them to the pan.